If there's been a person immutable rule through American television heritage, it has been neighborhood information. Nearly from The instant the station to start with signed on air, they began carrying regional information exactly where athletics normally played A significant purpose. An absence of constant programming sources in these early several years led lots of stations to turn to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. Ny's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initially broadcast was a professional baseball recreation ("NBC Heritage", 2003). When acquiring local newscasts to fit their audience, these stations generally involved sporting activities and temperature. For instance, in 1961 WKMG started out its 1st whole-time information Section in Orlando. Newscasts involve Frank Vaught's sporting activities experiences ("The record of," 2003).
Sporting activities have held a dominant posture in local information broadcasting for quite a few decades, but the latest industry traits have termed into dilemma this posture. Segmented audiences, transforming demographics, and declining information profitability have pressured the station to reexamine its nearby sports phase. “Sporting activities is one of the past parts of Tv set in which folks do issues the way they normally have,” claims television executive Elliott Wiser. “(Now) a different technique is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Problem for Area Tv set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Project for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Association(“Transforming channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Tv set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Difficulty for Area Tv set Sports
None of the is good news for that nearby tv sports activities sector, which happens to be progressively beneath scrutiny from station execs. Regardless of its regular presence within just nearby newscasts, athletics have long been viewed as a "tuning" aspect. As outlined by a survey with the Radio and tv News Administrators Basis, only 31% of viewers stated they ended up 'very intrigued' in sporting activities and 32% were 'considerably fascinated' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed fascination in the climate. "Athletics are extremely polarizing." mentioned tv information consultant Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, go away, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Studies have proven that Girls are considerably much less considering athletics than Adult males (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and lots of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. As outlined by station information 스포츠중계 director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when no one is listening isn't an excellent utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the Activity, while some have minimized their allotted time. Depending on the day of the week (weekends have much more sports time), sports segments have typically acquired among 3 and five minutes of neighborhood news coverage. Now that number is down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slice enough time for athletics by just 3 as well as a fifty percent minutes for three hours of stories. Many others from the marketplace have carried out new techniques, for example sports activities stories that aim extra on persons than scores or cater into a wider information viewers. "What we're trying to do now could be take care of sports activities as news," suggests KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We want to do a little something outside of sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Tv set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Alterations in nearby sporting activities could possibly be a reflection with the incredible upheaval going on in the course of broadcast news. If your sports activities sector is now not Protected, How about other news features? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) claimed, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a more speedy degree, changes from the nearby athletics sector straight have an impact on A large number of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that happen to be lowering their motivation to sports will also be lowering their sporting activities workforce ranges, which impacts The task sector. An additional news director reported, "[Sports on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two entire-time sportsmen to at least one full-time, one particular answerable for the news three days weekly, and it absolutely was a fight to stay there.”
Equally critical, variations in the way sports activities are offered are forcing athletics broadcasters to master new techniques. Not can sportscasters center on scoring. They may have to make the presentation much more participating for regular enthusiasts. This is certainly also vital for journalism colleges across the country, which must document what stations want inside the athletics sector and update their education curricula.
Will these improvements do the job or persist? Sporting activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented over the improve in KDKA, “Enable’s reserve remaining judgment right until September, in the event the Steelers, college or university, and highschool soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station might be . There may be an mistake in clock management.”